esofago
{{biblio}}
* {{anch|Colless1970}}Colless, D.H. & McAlpine, D.K. (1970) Diptera (Flies): 656-740. ''In The Insects of Australia. Melbourne University Press'', Carlton, Victoria.§
* {{anch|Courtney2000}}Courtney, W.G.; Sinclair, B.J. & Meier, R. (2000) Morphology and terminology of Diptera larvae: 85-163. ''In'' Papp, L. & Darvas, B. (a cura di) ''Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera. Volume 1. General and Applied Dipterology. Science Herald'', Budapest, Hungary. ISBN 963 04 8839 6.§
* {{anch|Darvas2000}}Darvas, B. & Fónagy, A. (2000) Postembryonic and imaginal development of Diptera: 283-363. ''In'' Papp, L. & Darvas, B. (a cura di) ''Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera. Volume 1. General and Applied Dipterology. Science Herald'', Budapest, Hungary. ISBN 963 04 8839 6.§
* {{anch|Matile1993}}Matile, L. (1993) Les Diptères d'Europe Occidentale. Tome I. ''Société Nouvelle des Editions Boubée'', Paris, France. ISBN 2-85004-075-4.§
* {{anch|Servadei1972}}Servadei, A.; Zangheri, S. & Masutti, L. (1972) Entomologia agraria ed applicata. ''CEDAM'', Padova.§
* {{anch|Teskey1981}}Teskey, H.J. (1981) Morphology and terminology - Larvae: 65-88. ''In'' McAlpine, J.F.; Peterson, B.V.; Shewell, G.E.; Teskey, H.J.; Vockeroth, J.R.; Wood, D.M. (a cura di) ''Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Volume 1. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Monograph N. 27'', Ottawa, Canada. ISBN 0-660-10731-7.§
* {{anch|Tremblay1985}}Tremblay, E. (1985) Entomologia applicata. Volume Primo: Generalità e mezzi di controllo. 3 ed. ''Liguori Editore'', Napoli. ISBN 88-207-0681-4.§
{{/biblio}}